Everybody wants a perfect life, perfect job, and perfect body and for that we all try our best. Our vision is also an important part of our personality and sometimes people feels that using spectacle is reducing the charm in their personality and they start using contact lenses. But lenses also come with their own set of cons like irritation of eyes, redness, itching and headache etc. In such cases, Lasik treatment for eyes is the best option, nowadays you are not obliged to wear sunglasses, many lasik surgery types are available to rectify the vision problems and get rid of the spectacles and daily use of contact lenses.
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What is Lasik eye surgery?
Lasik or (Laser-Assisted-In-Situ Keratomileusis) is a kind of refractive or vision correction surgery to correct following vision problems like:
Myopia – It is also known as near sightedness means that you will be able to see the closer object more clearly but the distant objects will appear blur to you and you have to use glasses to see the distant object clearly. It occurs if your eye is too long with respect to curvature of your cornea. This will cause the light rays focus in front of the retina forming a blur image of the distant objects.
Hyperopia – It is farsightedness and just opposite case of myopia means you will be able to see distant object clearly but the closer objects will appear blurred to you. In this condition, the eye is too short with respect to curvature of the cornea. The light rays entering your eyes will not be able to bend properly and thus not come on to focus point of the retina which will produce a blur image.
Astigmatism – In this case, near and distant objects appear blurred and the patient also experience tilting of images due to unequal bending of light rays. This occurs because the cornea is oval in shape which results into more than one focal point within the eye and it distorts the image formed in your eye.
What Lasik eye surgery does?
Lasik eye surgery reshapes the cornea by removal of some corneal tissue by using an excimer laser. In myopia, the surgery flattens the very steep cornea while in Hyperopia; a steeper cornea is rebuilt with the help of surgery. It can also helps in the case of Astigmatism by reshaping or smoothing the irregular oval cornea into a more normal shaped cornea.
Here is the brief overview of the Lasik procedure:
- Anaesthetic eye drop is administered into the eye to stop the blinking.
- A protective flap is created to access the inner corneal tissue. During this process, you vision will get blurred for a minute but after the creation of flap you will be able to see the fixating light and other bright lights used in the lasik procedure.
- Computer controlled pulses of cool laser light will work on your corneal tissue to rectify the vision error. An eye movement tracking device will follow your eye movement throughout the lasik procedure to ensure precise corrections.
- When the reshaping of the tissue is done, the surgeon will reposition and align the flap carefully to its original position.
- Your operated eye will be covered by a protective shield to prevent any accidental rubbing till the flap heals naturally and remain secured in the healing time period.
What are Lasik Surgery Types?
Every person’s eyes are different and therefore it is better to consult your doctor to know about different laser eye surgery procedures and to determine which type of surgery will work best for you.
There are different types of Lasik surgery with different features which are:
Traditional Lasik – In this type of Lasik surgery, a small instrument containing a disposable blade is used by the surgeon to cut a thin and hinged flap into the clear surface of the cornea. This instrument is known as microkeratome and it makes the whole procedure faster and comfortable for the patient. Suction in a microkeratome takes about three seconds time while it takes 15-20 seconds in intraLase procedure.
Bladeless Lasik – In 1999, a type of high energy laser light (femtosecond Laser) is used instead of microkeratome to create a Lasik flap. This gives rise to the bladeless procedure in the Lasik surgery. With this procedure, many surgery complications like partial flaps, free caps (unattached flaps) or improperly formed flaps (buttonholes) or damaged eye tissue (an epithelial slough) can be easily prevented. Although these complications occurs rarely but when it occurs it can be vision threatening.
Custom Lasik – this is the most advanced form of Lasik surgery and uses sophisticated tools “aberrometers”. These tools use near infrared light to determine how image forming elements your eye alters the light rays layer by layer as it travels through them. It gives you the clearest and sharpest vision possible after vision correction procedure because aberrometers can measure differences smaller than the quarter unit and thus precisely measures the refractive error.
There are three types of custom Lasik surgery which are following as:
Wavefront guided Lasik – In this procedure, detailed, wavefront-generated measurements of how light waves transverse through image forming elements and fall upon the retina of the eye is created by using sophisticated tools. It is important to gather such specific measurements to create a laser treatment which is personalized and matches your eye anatomy and vision correction requirements. Besides correcting the common vision errors like myopia (nearsightedness), Hyperopia (farsightedness) and astigmatism, this type of Lasik reduces irregular higher-order aberrations that can reduce visual clarity even after all major refractive errors are corrected.
Wavefront-optimized LASIK – In this procedure, the natural aspheric shape of your cornea is preserved by creating the detailed measurement of the curvature of the front surface of your eye. This natural eye shape preservation helps in reducing the risk of high order aberration known as spherical aberration which can occur naturally or caused by other vision correcting procedures. This aberration causes halos around light and other night vision problems.
Topography-guided LASIK – It is used to correct the vision problems which is caused by corneal irregularities (including corneal scars) along with refractive errors. A detailed measurement of the surface of the cornea is created to correct the vision errors. Although, it is not a wave front Lasik procedure but it provides more personalized vision correction than the traditional Lasik.
Please consult your doctor for lasik surgery types suit you?